> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://annemarleen.gitbook.io/immersive-design/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://annemarleen.gitbook.io/immersive-design/evaluation/navigation.md). # Evaluation Topics: Navigation {% embed url="" %} PenguFly {% endembed %} ### **Travel** is the *motor component of navigation*. ***Real*** world - physical navigation task, such as moving feet, turning a steering wheel, turning around etcetera. \ \&#xNAN;***Virtual*** world - translate or rotate the viewpoint and modify the conditions of movement, such as the velocity. ### **Navigation strategies** * *Exploration*, the user has no specific goal for any of the movement that is performed. * *Search*, the user will have a specific goal or target to navigate to: *naive search task* (target position = unknown) & *primed search task* (target position is known) * *Manoeuvring*, local area, involves small and precise movements. E.g. take a closer look at an object. ### **Navigation characteristics** * *Distance*, what’s the range, does it need velocity in order to provide a continuous flow? * *Amount of turns* and curvatures in the experience. * *Visibility of the target* at starting location * *Degrees of Freedom* needed for the movements. * *Required accuracy* of the movement. * *Other primary tasks* that take place parallel to the navigation task. ## **Navigation techniques** ![physical dimensions](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*jIPvIT_oaTe6Qv6_IjTplw.jpeg) #### **Walking** * *Real walking*: VR has limited options, but for AR mobile apps, this is something to explore. * [*Redirected Walking*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THk92rev1VA) can be used to create unlimited corridors and [infinite stairs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6Lv6HQCvZ8). Use with caution! * *Scaled Walking*: e.g. [Seven League Boots Locomotion Technique](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uo8zfAPaWqU): scaled walking approach by walking slow or uptempo. * [*Walk-in-Place*:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_yQfW1qYGI) compromise, the sense of presence and real movement is diminished, low immersion. * *Human Joystick*: the user will move on a sensor-based platform in reality in order to navigate. * *Human Joystick (other)*: the [environment changes slightly](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyK94jFuniM) while playing the game. * [*Treadmill walking and Running*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh2UdRKNqH4) * *Teleporting*: most common used method to navigate in VR. ![Example of Redirected Walking](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/6873813/redirected-walking-gif.gif) #### **Steering** * [*Gaze-directed Steering.*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iKxser1Wic) * [*Hand-directed Steering (pointing).*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRgCe_8q4vE) * Grabbing the Air Technique: like pulling a rope in the air. * [Move Tour Own Body:](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxGqIjMlTs8) *Torso-directed Steering.* and *Lean-directed Steering.* People naturally turn their bodies towards the direction that they are taking. With Lean-directed steering the user does not take any steps, but leans towards the direction he wants ### Other techniques ![moving the avatar's position on a 2D-map](/files/-LicOT1XqNYsiG4QAy0B) **Target-Based Travel Techniques (Google Maps)**\ **-** Representation-based Target Technique: *moving the avatar's position on a 2D-map* and then the avatar will walk to this position in 3D. **Route-planning Travel Techniques**\ **-** *Drawing* the desired path.\ \- *Marking points* along a path. **Viewpoint manipulation technique**\ **-** *camera* (in hand technique)\ \- *avatar* [(world-in-miniature)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxGqIjMlTs8) \ \- *fixed-object manipulation* (viewpoint moves relative to the fixed object). **Active scaling**\ \- user takes active control in the scaling of the virtual world. **Automated scaling**\ \- multi-scale virtual environments, in where the system takes over sometimes, in order for users to stay focused on the right task. --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. 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